The Direct Method, also known as the Natural Method, is a language teaching approach that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a reaction against the grammar-translation method. The primary goals of the Direct Method are focused on creating a natural and immersive language learning experience, emphasizing oral communication and practical language use. Here are the main goals of the Direct Method:

1. Oral Proficiency:
   • The primary goal of the Direct Method is to develop students' oral proficiency in the target language. Emphasis is placed on speaking and understanding spoken language, aiming for a natural and communicative use of the language.
2. Everyday Language Use:
   • The Direct Method seeks to teach language in the context of everyday, practical communication. The focus is on teaching language that is immediately applicable in real-life situations, fostering the ability to use the language in daily interactions.
3. Communication Skills:
   • Developing effective communication skills is a key goal. Students are encouraged to express themselves orally, engage in conversations, and understand spoken language in various contexts.
4. Immersive Learning:
   • The Direct Method aims to create an immersive language learning environment. Lessons are conducted primarily in the target language, minimizing the use of the students' native language. This approach mirrors the way individuals naturally acquire their first language.
5. Vocabulary Expansion:
   • Vocabulary development is a central goal. The Direct Method focuses on expanding students' vocabulary through exposure to contextualized language, with an emphasis on learning words and phrases in meaningful contexts.
6. Natural Language Acquisition Process:
   • The Direct Method seeks to replicate the natural language acquisition process. It emphasizes learning through exposure, context, and communication, similar to how individuals learn their first language during childhood.
7. Implicit Grammar Learning:
   • Rather than explicit grammar instruction, the Direct Method aims to teach grammar implicitly. Grammar rules are inferred through exposure to correct language use rather than through explicit explanation and memorization.
8. Student-Centered Learning:
   • The Direct Method adopts a student-centered approach, encouraging active participation and engagement. Students are involved in various interactive activities, role-playing, and communicative tasks to enhance their language skills.
9. Contextualized Learning:
   • Language learning is contextualized, with an emphasis on understanding and using language in meaningful situations. Context-rich activities, such as storytelling, role-playing, and real-life scenarios, are integrated into the learning process.
10. Spontaneous Language Use:
    • The Direct Method aims to develop students' ability to use the language spontaneously. By focusing on real communication rather than rote memorization, students are encouraged to think and respond in the target language without relying on translation.
11. Cultural Understanding:
    • The Direct Method often incorporates cultural elements to provide learners with insights into the cultural context of the language. This helps students understand not only the linguistic aspects but also the cultural nuances of the language.

In summary, the Direct Method seeks to immerse learners in the target language, prioritize oral proficiency and practical communication, and replicate the natural language acquisition process to create a dynamic and effective language learning experience.