Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) and Grammar-Translation Method (GTM) are two distinct approaches to language teaching, each with its own philosophy, principles, and techniques. Here are some basic differences between CLT and GTM:

1. Philosophy and Purpose:
   • CLT: Focuses on communication as the primary goal of language learning. The emphasis is on real-life communication, and the goal is to develop students' ability to use the language in authentic contexts.
   • GTM: Primarily concerned with teaching grammatical rules and vocabulary. The goal is often to help students read and translate texts in the target language.
2. Role of Grammar:
   • CLT: Views grammar as a tool for communication. Grammar is learned inductively, through exposure to authentic language use, and learners acquire it through context and communication.
   • GTM: Emphasizes explicit teaching of grammar rules. Learners are expected to memorize rules, verb conjugations, and vocabulary lists.
3. Language Use:
   • CLT: Encourages learners to use the language in meaningful and authentic ways. Activities involve interaction, role-plays, discussions, and real-life communication tasks.
   • GTM: Focuses more on written language and translation. Students often work on exercises that involve translating sentences between the target language and their native language.
4. Skills Emphasis:
   • CLT: Integrates all language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) in a communicative context. The emphasis is on developing overall language proficiency.
   • GTM: Tends to prioritize reading and writing skills, with a focus on translation. Speaking and listening skills may receive less attention.
5. Student-Centered vs. Teacher-Centered:
   • CLT: Tends to be more student-centered, with an emphasis on learner autonomy, interaction, and collaborative learning.
   • GTM: Often more teacher-centered, with the teacher playing a central role in delivering information, explaining rules, and directing activities.
6. Use of Authentic Materials:
   • CLT: Involves the use of authentic materials such as real texts, videos, and audio recordings to expose learners to natural language use.
   • GTM: Often relies on artificial or contrived language examples created for instructional purposes.
7. Error Correction:
   • CLT: Views errors as a natural part of the learning process. Learners are encouraged to take risks, and errors are corrected in a constructive manner.
   • GTM: Tends to be more concerned with accuracy, and errors are often corrected in a more direct and explicit manner.

It's important to note that many language teaching approaches incorporate elements from different methodologies, and educators may adopt a flexible approach based on the needs and preferences of their students. However, understanding the fundamental differences between CLT and GTM provides insights into their contrasting approaches to language instruction.